Channels of Distribution available to a Financial Service Organization Assignment

Essays on Channels of Distribution available to a Financial Service Organization Assignment ï » ¿ The Financial Service Organizations like Banks generate a lot of financial products and services which in turn are beneficial to a large number of customers. The banks in order to create enhanced customer satisfaction and loyalty must focus on maintaining a strong and efficient distribution system through which the banking products and services can be effectively distributed. The two main channels of distribution available to the banks for effective distribution of goods and services are ‘personal selling’ and ‘electronic and telecommunication’ networks. Out of these the channel of distribution based on ‘personal selling’ works on a conventional note while ‘electronic and telecommunication’ on a modern note. The process of ‘personal selling’ conducted by banks is executed through the activities of banking and financial executives working within the bank. Thus, banks in order to reach to a wide range of customers must l ocate their offices in accessible regions so that the process of personal selling gets executed on a happy note. Proximity to the customers helps the banks to render convenience to customers and thus gains a loyal base of potential customers on which the bank can easily depend for profitable business. The second set of distribution channels based on modern approaches is found to go beyond the existing nature of banking operations depending on an office. Modern channels of distribution of banking services and products depend on a wider array of ‘electronic and telecommunication’ networks which can help the customers to avail such services in a lightning speed. Host of electronic and telecommunication devices, products and processes like telephones, Automated Teller Machines, Internet and Plastic Money have transformed the face of the banking industry and made it stand the test of times. (Pezzullo American Bankers Association, 1998, p. 196, 201) Challenges faced by a Bank in distributing financial products through Personal Selling The banks distribute the host of financial products through the process of Personal Selling, which is made possible through the set up of banks in the vicinity of localities. Banks and other commercial institutions in order to occupy a place for setting up of branches and thus catering to business expansion have to depend on the laws of the land. However, in later periods the government of different countries has allowed banks to set up branches in different states, which have helped them to enter newer and different localities quite easily. The realm of distributing banking products through the process of personal selling excites many competitors in the banking cycle. Thus, banks in order to enhance their market base to counter growing competition must go on expanding their branches to acquire newer areas and thereby newer customers. Personal Selling channels are also made lucrative to draw customers from competitive banks. Moreover, the growth of the urban sphere also demands the growth of banking units. Thus, banks in order to set up newer branches must first endeavor to evaluate the general features of the zone and secondly must divulge to conduct a more refined analysis of the particular site concerned where the branch would be located. The banks need to procure first hand information about the income scenario of the several household groups present in the area. Further, the banks must also endeavor to assess the number of owned and rented property in the newer zones and also the employment status of the different household groups. The above assessment helps a bank to rightly estimate the deposit potential of the different householders in the particular region. It would also help to understand the amount of loan on an approximate basis that would be demanded by the households to build residences. In addition, to the above facts the banking institutions must also take into consideration the range of activities carried out by the commercial and industrial z ones in the area and revenue generated thereof to understand the level of current deposits and loans. Specific consideration would also include the right assessment of property costs in the region to conduct a feasible analysis. The bank should also be properly visible and accessible to the people in that zone. (Pezzullo American Bankers Association, 1998. pp. 197-198). Challenges faced by a Bank in distributing financial products through Electronic and Telecommunication The effectiveness of the banking system in distributing financial products through electronic and telecommunication modes depends on various factors, which imply to be the challenges in such activities. Firstly, the bank must identify all possible banking services that can be rendered through the modern channels. Secondly, the technology in use must be reliable enough to carry the load of different activities. Thirdly, the human factor related to the distribution channels, the Customer Service Representatives must be adequately trained to impart trust and efficiency to the customers. Fourthly, the banks must set a proper feedback system to rightly acquire effective feedbacks, which can help modernize their service delivery systems. Fifthly, banks must cater to generate provisions, which would help them to address regulatory changes in such telecommunication modes. (S.C.N. Education B.V., 2001, p. 94) In addition to the stated challenges the banks need to identify the potential servi ce provider, which would render uninterrupted service in Internet communications. The banks must also focus in rightly training their staffs to cater effectively to customer queries and problems while conducting service via Internet. Further, the banks must also lend an eye to the training of customers to rightly adapt to the changing banking service systems. Customers must be made acquainted by the banks about the facilities of Internet and mobile banking so as to eliminate fear from their minds. This would henceforth increase the level of interaction with the banks. However, in the modern Internet age the banks must also focus in creating a safer Internet environment where the customers can easily function. Banks need to be alert about hacking activities, which would continually endeavor to derive passwords and other essential information of the customers. Finally, banks need to be open to understand the level of operations of potential competitors and their way of countering problems. This would help the bank to make their services more effective. (Milutinovic Patricelli, 2002. pp. 104-107). References 1. Milutinovic, V. F.Patricelli. (2002). E-business and e-challenges. IOS Press. 2. Pezzullo, M. American Bankers Association. (1998). Marketing financial services. Kogan Page Publishers. 3. SCN. Education B.V. (2001). Electronic banking:  the ultimate guide to business and technology of online banking. Birkhà ¤user.

To what extent is Dracula a conventional Gothic protagonist Free Essays

Within the Gothic genre, features of the Gothic protagonist include sharply contrasting character traits, some degree of tragic stature, a striking physical presence, an element of the sexual, and an association with the bestial. Stoker presents Dracula with greatly contrasting traits, from the impeccably polite and courteous host who greets Harker at the door, to a raging psychopathic monster. The aristocratic and noble nature of Dracula’s heritage gives him charisma and credibility, on first encounter he seems strange but eccentric, however this lulls Harker, and obviously his female victims, into a false sense of security: â€Å"The light and warmth of the Count’s courteous welcome seemed to have dissipated all my doubts and fears. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is Dracula a conventional Gothic protagonist? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Stoker reveals Dracula’s true self slowly and subtly, so as to build tension, such as when Dracula touches Harker and he feels: â€Å"a horrible feeling of nausea. This imagery hints at the horror of Dracula’s true character, which is finally revealed when he encounters the Brides: â€Å"But the count! Never did I imagine such wraths of fury, even in the demons of the pit! † Stoker presents the count as being: â€Å"lapped in a storm of fury,† foreshadowing the terrible storm at Whitby when Dracula arrives on English soil. Stoker’s uses the imagery of hell to describe Dracula’s rage, writing: â€Å"his eyes were positively blazing†¦ as if the flames of hell-fire blazed in them. This imagery of a fiery furnace is similar to Milton’s description of Satan in Paradise Lost’ as â€Å"the infernal serpent,† dwelling in a â€Å"penal fire. † However despite Satan’s high status and charisma, he does not have the extreme contrast in personality, and the genteel almost awkward persona that Dracula has. Stoker presents Dracula as having tragic stature through his loneliness and sa dness that his once noble family have been destroyed. Dracula tells Harker that he longs: â€Å"to be in the midst of the whirl and rush of humanity, to share its life, its change, its death, and all that makes it what it is. But alas! † This desire demonstrates how isolated Dracula feels, as he has been left behind, an unwanted remnant of the ancient world. His immortality means he cannot relate to modernity, and the fast pace of life, and he is stuck in an endless cycle, a pseudo-purgatory for the Un-dead. Stoker presents Dracula as talking with great pride of his heritage, which he is determined to reinstate in England: â€Å"We Szekelys have a right to be proud, for in our veins flows the blood of many brave races who fought†¦ for lordship. Milton also presents Satan as a tragic character, because of his doomed destiny to live forever in the fiery pits of Hell, but also that he has an overwhelming hubris that ultimately makes his downfall so much more difficult to accept: â€Å"for this infernal spirit shall never hold celestial spirits in bondage. † When Dracula is finally killed, Mina writes that: â€Å"even in that moment of final dissolution there was in the face a look of peac e. † Reflecting Dracula’s release from his eternal suffering, showing that despite Vampire’s intrinsic evil, they did not relish their life of pain and death. Another aspect of the conventional protagonist is their striking physical presence, and Stoker presents Dracula as conforming strongly to this, with his strong jaw, aquiline nose and extreme paleness. He has thick eyebrows, wild hair, a â€Å"heavy moustache† and â€Å"remarkably ruddy† lips. Almost immediately Harker notices aspects of Dracula’s character which are not quite normal, describing Dracula as â€Å"cruel-looking,† with his moustache hiding his â€Å"cruel mouth. † This underlying unease demonstrates how Dracula’s physicality reflects and warns of his internal evil. Stoker presents Dracula’s specific appearance as very typical of the genre, as in The Monk, Matthew Lewis describes Ambrosia in an almost identical way to Dracula: â€Å"He was a man of noble port and commanding presence. His stature was lofty, and his features uncommonly handsome. His nose was aquiline, his eyes large black and sparkling, and his dark brows almost joined together. His complexion was of a deep but clear brown; study and watching had entirely deprived his cheek of colour. † This similarity shows how conventional Dracula’s physical presence is, his stature reflecting his high status and aristocracy like Ambrosias. Stoker presents Dracula as having an element of the sexual, through his attacking of women, and his uncontrollable desire to overpower and control others. Harker’s interaction with the Bride’s of Dracula demonstrate the confusing relationship between pleasure and pain that the Vampire embodies: that we somehow desire what we know may or will hurt us. This connection is seen in one of Dracula’s weaknesses: that he cannot enter a house without being invited first, which could be a metaphor for his role as a sexual predator, as a woman has to somehow desire or want Dracula to feed from them in order for him to suck their blood. When Mina discovers Lucy after Dracula’s attack, Stoker describes her using post-coital imagery: â€Å"her lips were parted, and she was breathing- not softly, but in, long heavy gasps† demonstrating how Lucy possibly enjoyed her attack by the handsome stranger. In The Monk Ambrosia is undone by his carnal lust for Matilda, and then his rape of Antonia, as he is transformed from a pious monk into a sexual predator: â€Å"With every moment of the Friar’s passion became more ardent, and Antonia’s terror more intense. However Lewis presents Ambrosia as being full of self-loathing and disgust once he had â€Å"dishonoured† Antonia: â€Å"The very excess of his former eagerness to possess Antonia now contributed to inspire him with disgust. † Stoker presents no such sense of repentance from Dracula, whose uses his sexuality primarily to further his control over England. Finally, Stoker presents Dracula as associating with the bestial, through his control over animals and nature, his connection with the ‘other,’ and his animalistic consciousness. When Harker arrives at the castle, Stoker immediately connects animals with the Count through the images of wolves: â€Å"All at once the wolves began to howl as though the moonlight had some peculiar effect on them. † Dracula’s control over animals is one aspect of his foreign and unknown nature, reflecting Victorian fear of the barbarianism of the supposedly unrefined central Europeans. Dracula can transform himself into a giant bat, which appears as a menacing presence throughout the novel: â€Å"there was a sort of scratching or flapping at the window. Dracula’s strange social behaviour and physical presence demonstrates how he is not quite human, and it seems that he certainly relates to animals more than he does to other people: â€Å"Ah, sir, you dwellers in the city cannot enter into the feelings of the hunter. † Ultimately it is Stoker’s portrayal of Dracula as a character completely driven by primal desires that associates him with the an imal, and any feelings he represses ultimately become apparent. This characteristic along with the others demonstrate how Dracula is primarily a conventional protagonist in his looks and character traits, his doom and his desires. How to cite To what extent is Dracula a conventional Gothic protagonist?, Papers

Photography And Art Essay Example For Students

Photography And Art Essay For many years photography has been used to document the most significant of events, whether they affect an entire society, like a war, or a specific persons life, such as a wedding. The reason that photography is used for such occasions instead of painting, drawing or sculpting is quite simple. It is because photography is the most remarkable of the fine arts. Other forms of art, are aesthetically pleasing and important in their own rite, but photography is so monumental because of the power that only it possesses. This is the power to depict fact. One aspect that makes photography so creditable is that it can show feeling and emotion so much more vividly and doubtlessly than a drawing can. For instance, during the Great Depression the harsh realities were recorded thanks to the initiative of the Farm Security Administration Daval, 186. At this time, Dorothea Lange documented the bitter poverty of migrant workers and their families 20th Century Photography, 1. These images, such as Migrant Mother and Cotton Picker near Firebrough, show, so clearly and almost effortlessly, the pain and despair that was occurring too frequently at this time. There is a loss of hope that is so clear and evident in these photographs from the longing in the eyes of the images shown. Such raw emotion is hard to come by in any other art form. Another reason photography is more trustworthy than other forms of art, is because the image that appears in a photograph, whether it is of a person or an event, has at one point existed or happened. This statement does not always hold true for paintings, sculptures, and drawings. It is simple and usual for an artist to conjure up an image of a person that has never existed and turn them into a work of art. For example, there has been a great deal of speculation about whether or not Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa is a portrait of a real person. Before the relatively recent technological advances, it was not possible to have a picture of a person or an incident that was fictitious. A further example that photography is perceived as more realistic than other methods of art, is that it is possible for an artist to elaborate, emphasize, erase, or even completely change an image that they are trying to capture. Once again, preceding modern advances, this was not possible for a photographer to do. Based on this, and the preceding statement, throughout history viewers have been able to trust that the images they were seeing were genuine, and therefore were able to trust the realism of photographs. Over the years, photography came to be depended on for its ability to show factual images for the reasons stated earlier. Proof of this statement, is the great demand for photographs in magazines and newspapers. The newspaper and newsmagazine depended on his a professional photo-reporters pictures, even more than on the written word. They were an international language of communication, the  one language needing no translation Daval, 190. The rise of photojournalism made the public even more believing of photography and the status of the photograph: from a document before, it now became evidence, irrefutable proof Daval, 173.

The Crusades free essay sample

This paper looks at the history of the Crusades during the Middle Ages, the military campaigns, the religious factors, the leaders, and the brutality. This paper provides an in depth history of the medieval Crusades, and reviews James Reston Jr.s book on the Crusades, Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade. The author discusses the brutal and savage events of the three Christian expeditions to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1192, and the two most famous leaders in the final campaign, Richard the Lionheart, monarch of England, and Saladin, the Moslem conqueror. James Reston Jrs Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade presents the Crusades as he sees it. In the past the books that present the Crusades have managed to create a glamorous and romantic image of a war that caused destruction for years. The book relates events in a manner that we realize that the crusades were among the most destructive wars on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crusades or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the name of God and civilization, massive expeditions created havoc on earth. Three Christian expeditions to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1192, took place each of which was cruel to any person that stood between the crusaders and the recovery of their religious shrines from Islam especially those in Jerusalem . Reston clearly states that there was nobility involved nor was there even a hint of romance. The Crusades were just a massive butchering of people regardless, of caste, creed or race.

Women’s rights essayEssay Writing Service

Women’s rights essayEssay Writing Service Women’s rights essay Women’s rights essayThe issue regarding women’s rights is not a new one. In the past, there were distinctive differences between men and women, between their roles in society and their models of behavior. However, considerable changes have been found since those times. Today gender roles have been shifted, making strong impact on society. Women in the Western culture are now no more satisfied with the role of a homemaker; they prefer to make their own careers and share the same rights with men (Howie, 2010).   This fact means women’s rights are based on freedom that can be viewed as a virtue, but not as a burden. Women continue to fight for their rights. The emergence of feminist movements and ideologies united under the title of feminism (Gillis Hollows, 2008). Today, there is a continuous discourse on the behalf of both opponents and proponents of feminism, but the main thing is to understand the very roots and reasons of the phenomenon (Gillis et al., 2007) . Therefore, the major goal of this study is to find out the objective state of the problem and conclude whether women do win by acquiring the equal status with men in human society. For that end, the existing literature covering different perspectives will be analyzed. In particular, the study will be focused on proto-feminist movements in Europe of the 19-the century; passing the Representation of the People Act in 1918; demonstrations on women’s suffrage; women’s efforts during the First World War and the Second World War; the first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism on the whole. The research is expected to prove that although social reconstruction of sex and gender is not always beneficial neither for women nor for men, the struggle for equal opportunities has become a historically determined stage of social development. These events reflect the changes in feminist movements and help to better understand the successes and failures of women in fighti ng for their rights. The impact of each event or development that will be discussed in this paper is connected with the changing role of women and with their changing opportunities in achievement of the established goals. Thesis statement: Women’s role in the struggle for equal opportunities highlights the positive effects of feminism on the social reconstruction of sex and gender that was caused by a number of important historical events and developments, such as the development of proto-feminist movements in Europe of the 19-the century; passing the Representation of the People Act in 1918; demonstrations on women’s suffrage; women’s efforts during the First World War and the Second World War; the development of the first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism.The major goal of this paper is to review the historical events and developments which involve women from 1865 to the present. This paper will explore six specific events or developments that span the years covered by this course, based on their impact on the topic â€Å"women’s role in history†.   The research is focused on the analysis of both European Womens rights and the womens rights movements launched in the U.S, defined as the first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism.Proto-feminist movements in Europe of the 19-the centuryThe development of proto-feminist movements in Europe of the 19-the century played an important role in the promotion of the philosophy of feminism. Women were inspired by proto-feminist concerns that women should be equal to men. Proto-feminist movements contributed to women’s achievements in different spheres of human activity. Actually, in the 19-th century, women’s condition under the law differed from that of men. In economics and politics, women had no power. However, women’s consciousness was more progressive compared with that of women who lived earlier than the 19-tyh century (Worell, 2000). In other words, the development of proto-feminist movements is connected with the development of feminist consciousness focused on the expansion of women’s rights and development of women’s rights movements. The Female Moral Reform Society is an example of effective proto-feminist movement aimed at representation women in a powerful position, placing emphasis on the public advocacy of personal ethics (Gillis Hollows, 2008; Worell, 2000).Passing the Representation of the People Act in 1918The Representation of the People Act (1918) criticized the limited rights of women and continued to call for equal rights. This act provided an opportunity to establish fair relationships between men and women, promoting the idea of equal pay for equal work. New reforms of the 1900s contributed to the growth of feminism. According to the Representation of the People Act of 1918, all women included in the local governmental register, aged 30 and over, were enfranchised (Gillis Hollows, 2008; Worell, 2000). The right to vote was granted to women who were householders, the householders’ wives, and who occupied the property with an annual rent of L5 and more, and who were the graduates of British universities (Gillis Hollows, 2008).Moreover, the debate regarding the passage of the Representation of the People Act raised the issues about the effects of the law, but it failed to change the established culture of parliamentary politics. Many women politicians did not criticize male-dominated political parties, remaining loyal to men’s power (Early video on the emancipation of women, 1930). In the 1900s, men remained in the positions of power, although the political movement regarding women’s suffrage in the U.K. began before the WWI (Worell, 2000).  Demonstrations on women’s suffrage  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many demonstrations were organized to address women’s suffrage rights. The first demonstration was the parade organized by Blatch in New York in 1910. Harriot Stanton Blatch was one of activists who promoted the idea of bringing a new suffrage bill, which could become the first step to women’s voting rights. In 1907, she established the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women. In 1913, the suffrage match was held in Washington D.C. More than 5000 women activist took part in this match, hoping to win public support for suffrage. In 1916, the Women’s Political Union organized many demonstrations on women’s suffrage. In the U.S., President Wilson agreed to support the idea of women’s suffrage in 1918 after numerous protests organized by feminists. As a result, women’s rights activists were aimed at equality in all spheres of human activity based on women’s suffrage. In 1919, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed by the U.S. Congress (Howie, 2010; Worell, 2000).  Women’s efforts during the First World War  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women’s role during the First World War reflected their social and economic position. Feminists were not satisfied with the idea that women’s work was classified as less important than men’s work. Besides, the working class women who were the representatives of the first wave feminism promoted the ideas of feminism at work and in homes, in stores, halls and local newspapers. They believed in their rights and were focused on the promotion of collective actions aimed at realization of their agenda. However, men opposed women’s involvement into male jobs during the First World War. Male trade unions defended the division of labor based on gender (Gillis Hollows, 2008).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, women’s activism in the era of the First World War, the considerable increases in the cost of living in that period, as well as the recognition of the established trade unions and the passage of the constitutional ame ndment to support women’s suffrage contributed to women’s mobilization during the war. According to Howie (2010), patriotic women highlighted the importance of the ideas of feminism. Due to the diversity of experiences during that period, women could become more independent in their choices. Although many women realized that their rights were limited, they supported feminism and motivated others to join wartime mobilization (Howie, 2010).Women’s efforts during the Second World War  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women’s efforts during the Second World War were focused on more radical changes. Unlike in the First World War, during the Second World War women’s position was more stable. The governments allowed women to join the armed forces and be involved in the war-related production.   All women aged under 40 years old were divided into two categories: mobile and immobile. Mobile women were allowed to join army and carry out war work duties. Immobile women were responsible for caring children and elderly people. Many of them were involved in voluntary work, either in industry or in voluntary organizations (Howie, 2010).   Women were allowed to work 16 hours a day and perform men’s duties. However, women were paid less than men. Besides, they were discriminated in the workplace. Thus, women played an important role in the war effort, although their position in society was still less valuable, comparing with men’s position (Howie, 2010; Gillis Hollows, 2008).  The first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the American women’s movement is characterizes as â€Å"waves†, there is a necessity to refer to three waves of feminism and identify certain differences between them. Actually, the development of the first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism highlight the importance of women’s involvement in social reconstruction of sex and gender (Howie, 2010). Although these waves are closely connected with one another, there are some differences in their philosophies. It has been found that each wave of feminism is based on the successes and failures of previous generations of women. For example, the first wave feminism is reflected by the following successes: suffrage and voting rights. These developments occurred in the late 1800s- the early 1900s, influencing further changes in women’s representation (MacKinnon, 1995).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the second wave feminism, which was launched in the 1960s, placed emphasis on the role of personal politics in human society. The banner of the second wave feminism was â€Å"the personal is political†. Actually, it was based on women’s rights, such as abortion rights, child care rights, as well as other issues, including women’s recognition of unpaid labor, access to health care services and equal pay for equal work. Catharine MacKinnon, the Professor of Law at the University of Michigan and the author of the book Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, argues that women’s rights are still limited and there is a necessity for broader horizons for women. A variety of issues of concern remain unsolved. Women continue to fight for their rights (MacKinnon, 1995). According to Hollows, and Moseley (2006), there is a close relationship between the second wave feminism and popular culture, but feminism cannot be viewed as a â€Å"monolithic and homogeneous movement† (p. 3).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the first wave and the second wave feminism created certain challenges, such as the concerns about racism and discrimination, tensions between generations, etc. These concerns can be found in the next wave of feminism – the third wave feminism, which was launched in the 1990s (MacKinnon, 1995). The third wave feminism is based on criticism of collective past of women’s movement and building more diverse and dynamic movement. In other word it is characterized by the increased role of multiculturalism (MacKinnon, 1995). Alice Walker (1983) helps to assess the role of virtues, beliefs and values in the creation of a womanist virtue ethic, which forms the basis of third wave feminism. She states that social activism helps in promotion of feminist ideas and addresses the challenges caused by diverse society.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that women have always played an important role in the development of history.   This paper is based on providing evidence regarding the effects of social reconstruction of sex and gender on women and their participation in the struggle for equal opportunities, which has become a historically determined stage of social development. The history that involves women has been developed over centuries, constantly chang ing its goals and forms, increasing the popularity of women’s movement, mainly in the 20-th century, when suffrage and voting rights were popularized. The role of women in the 19-th century differed from their roles in the 20-th century. The events that occurred in the 1900s contributed to the developments in the later decades. For example, proto-feminist movements in Europe of the 19-the century contributed to the development of more independent views on women’s rights and duties. The third wave feminism completely changes women’s views on their role in social development through the relationship between feminist movement and popular culture. Generally speaking, women’s role in the struggle for equal opportunities throughput the history emphasizes the positive effects of feminist ideas on the social reconstruction of sex and gender that was caused by a number of important historical developments, including the development of proto-feminist movements in E urope of the 19-the century; passing the Representation of the People Act in 1918; demonstrations on women’s suffrage; women’s efforts during the First World War and the Second World War; the development of the first wave, the second wave and the third wave feminism.

Con qué frecuencia los turistas pueden ingresar a EE.UU

Con quà © frecuencia los turistas pueden ingresar a EE.UU Una de las dudas ms comunes  de los turistas que viajan a Estados Unidos es que no saben la frecuencia con la que pueden ingresar al paà ­s. Esta incertidumbre aplica tanto a los extranjeros que viajan con una visa de turista, conocida tambià ©n como de paseo, placer, B2 o B1/B2, como aquellos que pueden ingresar sin visa por pertenecer a un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados o a los mexicanos que residen a lo largo de la frontera y utilizan una visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como de cruce. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quà © dice la ley sobre la frecuencia de ingresos asà ­ como las posibles consecuencias. Asimismo, al final, se hace referencia a otros problemas relacionados con este asunto: tiempo mximo permitido de presencia, posibles extensiones y castigos por no respetarlo.  ¿Con quà © frecuencia puede un turista ingresar a EE.UU.? No hay ninguna ley o normativa que especifique cunto tiempo un turista extranjero tiene que permanecer fuera de Estados Unidos antes de regresar. Pero si se quieren evitar problemas conviene tener presente que para ingresar como turista el fin es precisamente ese o recibir tratamiento mà ©dico. Si el oficial del control migratorio tiene conocimiento o meramente una sospecha de que la finalidad del ingreso es otra distinta, habr problemas con absoluta seguridad. Por ejemplo, si sospecha que detrs de visitas muy seguidas est el hecho de que se est buscando trabajo lo cual no est permitido por las leyes migratorias o, incluso, de que ya se est trabajando sin documentacià ³n que lo autorice. Tambià ©n se puede sospechar que la persona extranjera est estudiando dentro de EE.UU. sin visa de estudiante. Otra sospecha frecuente es que el oficial migratorio puede pensar que detrs de ingresos muy frecuentes est el hecho de que se est conviviendo con un familiar o una pareja sin tener una tarjeta de residencia permanente. Obviamente, habr personas que por sus circunstancias personales no sern sospechosas. Por ejemplo, tienen un gran capital y entran y salen de EEUU frecuentemente para simplemente comprar, etc. Pero otras sà ­ que llamarn la atencià ³n y harn que el inspector de Inmigracià ³n se pregunte:  ¿tiene dinero suficiente para pagarse unas vacaciones tan largas?,  ¿ha dejado de trabajar o de estudiar en su paà ­s de origen y por eso pasa temporadas tan grandes en EEUU? Y,  ¿estar buscando trabajo, etc.?  ¿Quà © sucede si se sospecha de las intenciones de un turista? Lo cierto es que pueden suceder varias situaciones. En primer lugar, el inspector de Inmigracià ³n le impide el ingreso, bien permitiendo una retirada de la intencià ³n de entrar a EEUU o bien mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata. Es muy importante entender quà © realmente pasà ³ en el paso migratorio, ya que los efectos entre una retirada y una expulsià ³n son muy diferentes. Si en el  control migratorio escriben I-275 en el pasaporte, es importante conocer las consecuencias. En segundo lugar, es posible que el oficial migratorio envà ­e al turista a una segunda inspeccià ³n, en otras palabras, el famoso cuartito. Destacar que en el paso migratorio no aplican las protecciones constitucionales de los Estados Unidos. Los extranjeros no tienen derecho a un abogado y las autoridades puedne acceder a sus computadoras y telà ©fonos celulares. En tercer lugar, puede que permitan al turista ingresar, pero la sospecha sobre quà © hay detrs de ingresos tan frecuentes puede saltar en  el momento en que toca renovar la visa. En ese momento consulado probablemente va a negar la peticià ³n. Es imprescindible tener claro que tanto el oficial del paso migratorio al llegar a EE.UU. como el del consulado puede negar o revocar/cancelar una visa basndose tan sà ³lo en la sospecha de que no se cumplen los requisitos para la visa o de la finalidad del viaje a Estados Unidos. Ni aduanas y consulado deben probar nada. Otros problemas migratorios de los turistas Relacionado con el tema de la frecuencia de los ingresos est el de cunto tiempo se puede permanecer legalmente en EE.UU. Si se tiene visa de turista, el fijado en el I-94, tambià ©n conocido como documento de registro de ingreso o salida. Con visa de turista se puede solicitar una extensià ³n, si se cumplen los requisitos. Si se ingresa con una visa lser, el establecido por las reglas de à ©sta. Y si se ingresa sin visa por ser de un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de visados el tiempo mximo de la estadà ­a es de 90 dà ­as, los cuales no pueden extenderse bajo ninguna circunstancia. Si no se respetan los tiempos mximos de estadà ­a, el turista se convierte en un extranjero indocumentado, con todos los problemas que eso conlleva. Adems, su visa se cancela y los que ingresaron sin visa ya no podrn acogerse a los privilegios de ese programa en el futuro. Otro problema recurrente de los turistas es que algunos utilizan su presencia en EE.UU. para un fin no autorizado. Si se descubre, tendrn problemas migratorios serios. En esta categorà ­a se incluyen circunstancias como ingresar como turista e inmediatamente casarse con un ciudadano y pedir arreglar los papeles, aunque el matrimonio sea real, ya que se considera que es un fraude ya que se pidià ³ el ingreso como turista. De interà ©s para turistas extranjeros en Estados Unidos Estados Unidos es el segundo paà ­s del mundo que recibe ms turistas internacionales, solo despuà ©s de Francia. Estas son  las 10 atracciones ms visitadas de Estados Unidos.   Finalmente  en muchas ocasiones los problemas surgen, simplemente, de la ignorancia, del no saber. Para ello se propone este test de 12 preguntas sobre la visa de turista con explicacià ³n de sus respuestas correctas que ayudar a sacarla, conservarla y renovarla.  ¡Demuestren cunto saben! Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Judicial Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Judicial Review - Essay Example Kovac’s tea with sleeping pills’. The drug alleged to have spiked into the teacher’s hot beverage was diphendyramine citrate. The head teacher, in reaching his decision, relied on statements recorded by Ms. P, the claimant’s fellow student and Mrs. Kovac, the alleged victim. 3. According to the complainant’s main witness, one Ms. P who recordeda statementstating that during the morning break, she had been curious of what the claimant was up to and had followed her to classwhere the claimant was alone and seen â€Å"Veronica (the claimant herein)openherbag,takeoutasmallpacketofwhatlookedlike medicine(Icouldn’tseeexactlywhatitwasasitwas smallandIwastoofar away).Shethen wentovertoMrs.Kovac’s desk.IcouldclearlyseethemugMrs.Kovacusesonherdesk.Itisverylargeandhasâ€Å"world’sbestteacher†written on it.Veronica thendroppedsomething intothemug.Sheput thepacketbackin herbagandturnedtowardsthedoorIranawayimmediatelyasIdidn’twant her toknowthat I’dseen her. Idon’t think she saw me.†Witness P further records that while in her French class there ensured some commotion in the hallway outside when Mrs. Kovac had passed out and an ambulance had to be called. However, she does not state the exact time when sh e had attended the said French class. Neither Mr. Carey nor Mrs. Kovaccorroborates Witness P’s allegations. 4. The claimant states that the Head teacher, Board and Panel erred by not taking notice of the fact that Witness P, whom the claimant believed to be Ms. Pauline and the claimant herein were not in good terms. The claimant further states that Pauline and the claimant have had disagreements after the claimant started dating Paulina’s former boyfriend, Steven. The claimant’s mother aptly puts it: â€Å"Pauline was devastated when he (Steven) dumped her and got together with my daughter. She has hated Veronica ever since. I know that they havehadverbalfightsinclass,sotheteachers

Sociology of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology of Childhood - Essay Example Browne (2011) defines the term â€Å"life chances† as an individual’s chances of getting access to all those things which are considered as desirable by the society and not being affected by all those things which are considered undesirable by the society. Similarly, in the opinion of Ferrante (2012), social class can be identified as the phenomenon in which an individual’s belonging to a section of society can influence their life chances. Thus, one has to infer that the term â€Å"life chances† indicates having access to at least good education, healthcare facilities, food, clothing and housing. An important point of Marx’s theory of social class is that the bourgeoisies, or the people who own the means of production, enjoy better social standing as they are powerful enough to impose their ideas on the proletariat (the working class). As the bourgeoisie class does not share the wealth justifiably, the difference in wealth between the working class and the bourgeoisie increases. Hence, the working class is deprived of the goods and services enjoyed by the bourgeoisie (Browne 2011). Similarly, Weber categorises the society into two groups; the negatively privileged property class and the positively privileged property class. The positively privileged class is blessed with marketable abilities, and hence is able to enjoy expensive consumer goods and better services. On the other hand, the other class has no marketable abilities, and hence, is deprived of good goods and services (Ferrante 2012). It is pointed out by a UK Government report that measuring child poverty is a difficult task because their life chances are influenced by a number of factors other than just income of the family. Some such dimensions to be included are material deprivation, worklessness, unmanageable debt, poor housing, parental skill level, access to quality education, family stability, and parental health (Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2012) The Child

Nick Carraway Essay Example for Free

Nick Carraway Essay What kind of a person is Nick Carraway? How might Nick’s narration color the way readers view other characters? Provide examples. Is Nick a reliable character? Provide examples from the novel to support your responses. Nick Carraway narrates The Great Gatsby. He values knowledge and is very observant making him a good narrator. In The Great Gatsby, all the characters tend to like him and trust him with their secrets. In the beginning, Daisy talks to Nick in private and tells him of when she had her baby girl. She said, â€Å"I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool-that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (17). Daisy thinks that the best way to easily get through life as a girl is to be stupid and pretty so she can marry a rich man and not have a worry in the world, which is what Daisy is doing. However, when Tom asks Nick if Daisy told him something, she lies and says they talked about horses. She was open to Nick to tell him her thoughts, but wanted it to be a secret from Tom. Nick understands the eastern way of living; with the partying, alcohol, and money. He shows the good sides of characters and the bad sides. He is a reliable character because although he adds in his biased opinions, he also tells the readers of the characters true personality and their actions. A. Through Nick, how does Fitzgerald describe each of your characters? What is Fitzgerald saying about each of your characters? Through Nick, Fitzgerald describes Tom Buchanan as a â€Å"sturdy straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner† (7). Through Fitzgerald’s diction, you can tell that Tom is arrogant and aggressive. Physically, he is described as big with muscles, a â€Å"cruel body† (7). To add to his big, arrogant figure, his voice is a â€Å"gruff husky tenor added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed† (7). He has a personality and look that strikes fear in people and he moves around with aggressiveness. Myers Wolfsheim is described as â€Å"a small, falt-nosed Jew† (69) with a large head. He is cautious and conservative; possibly suspicious and paranoid because of the business he deals with. In The Great Gatsby, his nose is repeatedly addressed. B. Do your characters change—do they change or remain the same throughout chapters 1-5? If the character changes, how so? Do your characters mature? Grow? Regress? Please explain Myers Wolfsheim does not change much in chapters 1-5. He is not mentioned very often. Tom Buchanan does change and show more of his personality to Nick from the beginning towards chapter 3. You are really allowed to see Tom when he takes Nick to meet his mistress, Myrtle. In the hotel room, he portrays his aggression when he hit Myrtle in the face, causing her to bleed. His character does not mature, but however regresses from the first 5 chapters. In the beginning, he seems sophisticated when he was talking about books and long words. Then he regressed when he went to the apartment building with Myrtle, Nick, and the rest of the party. He drank himself silly and cheated on his wife. C. What do these characters teach Nick about himself? What do these characters say about Nick? These characters teach Nick that he is different from the urban, fast-paced life of the East. Compared to Tom and Myers, Nick seems like a boring bond man coming fresh out of the West into this new world of liquor, parties, and money. D. What do we learn about Gatsby through the characters? In chapter 4, Myer’s tells Nick about Gatsby’s â€Å"life†. He tells him about Gatsby’s time at Oxford and builds Gatsby up to be a really good, perfect man, ‘†the kind of man you’d like to take home and introduce to your mother and sister†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (72). You are unable to learn much about Gatsby through Tom. Tom doesn’t know Gatsby that well and has never been to one of his parties until Nick takes them.

A Comparative Analysis of The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness Essay

The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness, two of Joseph Conrad’s more well-known novellas, share striking similarities in theme, plot, character development, and symbolism. Each novella presents a seafaring first-person narrator who struggles psychologically with the concept of darkness and other deep themes. â€Å"Heart of Darkness is one of literature’s most somber fictions. It explores the fundamental questions about human nature: the capacity for evil, the necessity of restraint, the effects of isolation, and the necessity of relinquishing pride to achieve spiritual salvation† (Haskin). Conrad explores his major theme of human duality in both of his works. Character doubling is a key element to both works, and this tool allows Conrad to explore good and evil. The Secret Sharer’s Captain refers to Leggatt as his double frequently, and Leggatt â€Å"must have looked exactly as I [the Captain] used to look† (Conrad, The Secret Sharer 13). The Captain becomes obsessed with his doppelgà ¤nger, who he pulls up on deck in the Gulf of Siam, despite the fact that Leggatt explains that he has murdered a man on the Sephora, his previous ship. Doubling, in the physical and moral sense, is found throughout â€Å"The Secret Sharer.† The young captain and Leggatt are so similar that they seem to be twins, an identification that Conrad clearly intends the reader to take in more than one sense. Both men feel themselves to be outcasts — Leggatt actually so, because of his crime, the captain, psychologically, because of his newness to the ship and its crew. Leggatt can be regarded as the alter ego of the captain, perhaps a reflection of the darker, even criminal, aspects of the captain’s personality. Some readers have argued that Leggatt does n... ... any case, both novellas, whose titles have much significance, explore humankind’s capacity for evil. Conrad’s The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness quite obviously explore the same themes, using very similar plots. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of Darkness." 1899. Project Gutenberg. Web. February 2012. —. "The Secret Sharer." 1912. Electronic Text Center. Web. February 2012. Haskin, Wayne E. "Heart of Darkness." Masterplots 4. (November 2010): 1-4. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012. Perel, Zivah. "Transforming the Hero: Joseph Conrad's Reconfiguring of Masculine Identity in "The Secret Sharer"." Conradiana 36.1-2. (Spring/Summer 2004): 112-129. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012. Witkoski, Michael. "The Secret Sharer." Magill's Survey of World Literature. (January 2009): 1. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012. A Comparative Analysis of The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness Essay The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness, two of Joseph Conrad’s more well-known novellas, share striking similarities in theme, plot, character development, and symbolism. Each novella presents a seafaring first-person narrator who struggles psychologically with the concept of darkness and other deep themes. â€Å"Heart of Darkness is one of literature’s most somber fictions. It explores the fundamental questions about human nature: the capacity for evil, the necessity of restraint, the effects of isolation, and the necessity of relinquishing pride to achieve spiritual salvation† (Haskin). Conrad explores his major theme of human duality in both of his works. Character doubling is a key element to both works, and this tool allows Conrad to explore good and evil. The Secret Sharer’s Captain refers to Leggatt as his double frequently, and Leggatt â€Å"must have looked exactly as I [the Captain] used to look† (Conrad, The Secret Sharer 13). The Captain becomes obsessed with his doppelgà ¤nger, who he pulls up on deck in the Gulf of Siam, despite the fact that Leggatt explains that he has murdered a man on the Sephora, his previous ship. Doubling, in the physical and moral sense, is found throughout â€Å"The Secret Sharer.† The young captain and Leggatt are so similar that they seem to be twins, an identification that Conrad clearly intends the reader to take in more than one sense. Both men feel themselves to be outcasts — Leggatt actually so, because of his crime, the captain, psychologically, because of his newness to the ship and its crew. Leggatt can be regarded as the alter ego of the captain, perhaps a reflection of the darker, even criminal, aspects of the captain’s personality. Some readers have argued that Leggatt does n... ... any case, both novellas, whose titles have much significance, explore humankind’s capacity for evil. Conrad’s The Secret Sharer and Heart of Darkness quite obviously explore the same themes, using very similar plots. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of Darkness." 1899. Project Gutenberg. Web. February 2012. —. "The Secret Sharer." 1912. Electronic Text Center. Web. February 2012. Haskin, Wayne E. "Heart of Darkness." Masterplots 4. (November 2010): 1-4. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012. Perel, Zivah. "Transforming the Hero: Joseph Conrad's Reconfiguring of Masculine Identity in "The Secret Sharer"." Conradiana 36.1-2. (Spring/Summer 2004): 112-129. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012. Witkoski, Michael. "The Secret Sharer." Magill's Survey of World Literature. (January 2009): 1. Literary Reference Center. Web. 25 March 2012.

Queer Theory

Queer theory is not a theory of homosexuality, is an approach to sexuality and, more generally, identity, which builds on some of the ideas developed by Foucault (Reading). According to the reading, there is one point I think it’s very important. â€Å"We should challenge the traditional views of masculinity and femininity, and sexuality, by causing ‘gender trouble’†. It reminds me a real story happened in china. Last year, we have a national singer show just ‘American Idol’ but only for male competitor. One guy named Zhu, he become the most dramatic person in that show. He has long hair, wear a dress, heels, and perfect make up. He looks like totally a girl, especially his voice, is totally a girl. Every people shocked. When he starts singing, it’s totally girl’s voice. One of the judge interrupt him, ask him are you a guy? Our show only for male, he said yes, But this judge interrupt him again, because he can’t believe he is a man. The judge ask other stuff to check his Id. Afterward, the journalist interview ZHU, why he wants to dress like a girl, Zhu said I just feel comfortable when I dress like this. This video brings a big discussion on the internet. Some people think he should attend this show; he brings bad influence to tradition gender culture. Some people support him, every people has a right to do what they want to do. Apply queer theory to this event, Zhu is an example of challenging the traditional views of masculinity and femininity and sexuality, he caused ‘gender trouble’. A lot people think he is a guy, but he said I ‘m not a guy, there is no law don’t allow a man wear a dress and make up. Traditional view think male should men’ cloth, and a guy like Zhu must be guy, but the truth is no. Queer theory, is a approach encourage people can do what they want to do, can challenge traditional social view.

Research Methodology Essay

This chapter includes research method, setting of the study, subject of the study, source of data, procedure of the study, project design, hardware and software requirements and statistical treatment. Research Method The researchers used the descriptive method together with the developmental research to come up with desired system. Descriptive research is concerned with the description of data and characteristics about a population. The goal is the acquisition of factual, accurate and systematic data that can be used in averages, frequencies and similar statistical calculations. Descriptive studies seldom involve experimentation, as they are more concerned with naturally occurring phenomena than with the observation of controlled situations. [1] The researchers believes that the descriptive method of research is appropriate for their system because it is easy to analyze, interpret the data gathered information and understand data that are easily recognizable. They chose to use this method because the descriptive research design enable researchers to describe or present the picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation and it also includes many particular research methodologies and procedures, such as observations, surveys, self-reports, and tests. Developmental research, A term describing the systematic use and practical application of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature toward the design, development, testing, evaluation or improvement of useful products to meet specific performance requirements but exclusive of manufacturing and production engineering. Extramural activities which are primarily for development of training materials and curricula should be identified as Developmental Research. [2] Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined as the systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of  internal consistency and effectiveness. Developmental research is particularly important in the field of instructional technology. The most common types of developmental research involve situations in which the product-development process is analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated. A second type of developmental research focuses more on the impact of the product on the learner or the organization. A third type of study is oriented toward a general analysis of design development or evaluation processes as a whole or as components. A fundamental distinction should be made between reports of actual developmental research (practice) and descriptions of design and development procedural models (theory). Although it has frequently been misunderstood, developmental research has contributed much to the growth of the field as a whole, often serving as a basis for model construction and theorizing.[3] The researchers used the development research method because the researchers aimed to come up with a system not yet developed before. Setting of the study The application of the developed system is focused in Eastroad Apartelle in Binangonan, Rizal. It is located at Nt’l Rd., Hi-way Calumpang, Binangonan, Rizal near the tennis court and the municipal hall. The Apartelle is fully operational since July 8, 2006 when it is first started as a small inn. At this moment, the apartelle has 23 rooms now and 8 employees and still growing. Their Mission is to be recognized as the leading Apartelle in the Binangonan area with disciplined, happy and highly-skilled staff committed to giving the highest standard of service. They envision themselves as leading and dominating in terms of lodging industry in Rizal. Subject of the study The Eastroad Apartelle Logging/Billing System is developed because there was this urge to boost their quality of service by modernizing the way of their business. Thus, the study will focus on the staff of the apartelle as the respondents because they are the ones who are in charge of maintaining the good reputation of the apartelle. Definitely, it will affect their way of transacting through the introduction of technology in their methodology. The perceptions of the staff and of the customers will be evaluated through an adopted questionnaire. The researchers chose the 8 staff of the Eastroad Apartelle because the researchers observed that they could need more up to date methods of transactions. The chosen respondents consist of 1 secretary, 3 front desk officers, 2 restaurant crew and 2 service crews. Since there are only eight staff members in the apartelle, the researchers decided to conduct the study with all of them as the respondents which will also evaluate the system by answering the questionnaire checklist and test the developed Eastroad Apartelle Lodging and Billing System. Source of data The researchers gathered the primary source of data through the adapted questionnaire and interviews with the respondents. They also used secondary sources of data such as reading materials, like books that are related to the said study and surfing different websites. Procedure of the study At first, the researchers will start the identification of the problem and tackle the different aspects of the problem and its possible solutions. Second, they will formulate some titles. After being approved through the title defense, the researchers will now start gathering some data by means of interviewing and doing some on-site observations. After that, the researchers will start to write Chapters 1 and 2 which they will defend sooner. Project Design System Flowchart and Algorithm System Flowchart Algorithm When the user was about to explore the logging/billing system: 1. Start 2. Login 3. Select room category whether it is: 3.1 Standard type 3.1.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.1.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.1.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 3.2 Economy type 3.2.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.2.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.2.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 3.3 Budget type 3.3.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.3.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.3.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 4. End Hardware and software requirements Hardware The system will be running by the use of a computer set (monitor, system unit, mouse, keyboard and speaker or earphone). The following parts are MSI H61M-E33/W8 Micro ATX LGA1155 Motherboard, G.Skill Ripjaws Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) DDR3-1600 Ram, Western Digital Caviar Blue 500GB 3.5†³ 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive, NVIDIA NVS 300 512MB Graphics Card, Corsair Builder 500W 80 PLUS Bronze Certified ATX12V Power Supply, A4tech OP-620/ 720 PS2 Optical Mouse, A4tech KBS-720A PS2 Keyboard, and Creative 2.0 SBS A40 USB Powered Speakers. The respondents used the mouse for clicking their desired service to be rendered to their customers and the monitor for viewing the contents of their transactions. Software The researchers will be using Microsoft Visual Studio 6 and Microsoft Office 2007. Minimum system requirements to be able to run the software are as follows: PC with Pentium-class processor; Pentium 90 or higher processor recommended, Microsoft Windows 95 or later operating system or Windows NT operating system version 4.0 with Service Pack 3 or later (Service Pack 3 included) , 24 MB of RAM for Windows 95 (32 MB recommended); 24 MB for Windows NT 4.0 (32 MB recommended) , Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 Service Pack 1 (included) , Hard disk space: Typical installation: 116 MB,  Maximum installation: 135 MB, Additional hard disk space may be required for the following products: Internet Explorer: 43 MB typical, 59 MB maximum MSDN: 57 MB typical, 493 MB maximum, Windows NT Option Pack: 20 MB for Windows 95; 200 MB for Windows NT 4.0, Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 run on Windows NT 4.0 only and require the following additional hard disk space: SQL Server: 80 MB typical, 95MB maximum. The researchers chose to use Microsoft Visual Studio 6 (Visua l Basic 6). Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along with Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services in both native code together with managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows Mobile, Windows CE, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft Silverlight. Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense as well as code refactoring. The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a forms designer for building GUI applications, web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at almost every level—including adding support for source-control systems (like Subversion and Visual SourceSafe) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designers for domain-specific languages or toolsets for other aspects of the software development lifecycle (like the Team Foundation Server client: Team Explorer). Visual Studio supports different programming languages by means of language services, which allow the code editor and debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly any programming language, provided a language-specific service exists. Built-in languages include C/C++ (via Visual C++), VB.NET (via Visual Basic .NET), C# (via Visual C#), and F# (as of Visual Studio 2010[7]). Support for other languages such as M, Python, and Ruby among others is available via language services installed separately. It also supports XML/XSLT, HTML/XHTML, JavaScript and CSS. Individual language-specific versions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C++. [4] Also, the researchers will use Microsoft Access 2007 or latest. Microsoft Access is a computer application used to create and manage computer-based databases on desktop computers  and/or on connected computers (a network). Microsoft Access can be used for personal information management (PIM), in a small business to organize and manage data, or in an enterprise to communicate with servers. [5] Statistical Treatment Weighted mean has been chosen by the researchers to measure the acceptability of the developed system by the beneficiary. Range (1-5)Verbal Interpretation Scale 4.20 – 5.00Strongly Accepted5 3.20 – 4.19Accepted4 2.60 – 3.19Moderately Accepted3 1.80 – 2.59Not Accepted2 1.0 – 1.79Strongly Not Accepted1 Notes 1http://www.ehow.com/about_6663890_meaning-descriptive-method-research_.html 2http://cnc.ucr.edu/ecaf/glossary.html 3http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED373753&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED373753 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio 5http://www.functionx.com/access/Lesson01.htm

Youth Useless Or Used Less Essays

Youth Useless Or Used Less Essays Youth Useless Or Used Less Essay Youth Useless Or Used Less Essay What he is seeing today, will do tomorrow. What he gets today, will return tomorrow to the same society with due interest. It has been rightly said, boy peed balboa aka, am Kahn SE hooey. If we think honestly, do our elders have enough time to devote in guiding young generation in right direction? Am I wrong if I say that they themselves are victims of todays competitive era? They dont have time for even themselves. How can we expect them to use the strength of todays youth for tomorrows nation building? In general, youth is a bag full of energy that needs to be channeled and most important; there is a time for this work. Once that time has gone, once that energy has got its own direction, whether wrong or right, it becomes even more difficult to handle. And then often we hear the usual dialogues that every youth hates is Todays youths are useless. Now tell me, Is youth really useless or he has been actually used less. You have to think. It has been aptly said that once uttered, you cannot take your words back. So think twice before passing your Judgment.

Business ethics

Business ethics Essay Current Trends and Implications: Achieving Organizational Goals Using A Systems Approach ( Information Technology as a part of Your Competitive Strategy) Introduction to Seminar Welcome ladies and gentlemen, there are many of you here today from great distances and backgrounds of all sorts. I would like to start off first by thanking you for your time. New technologies everyday are radically changing existing industrys and creating new ones. This seminar focuses on these changes and understanding how they can help you achieve success or failure in the marketplace. Soon you will learn that your time here will give you great insight into current emerging and leading edge information and trends in using IS and IT as your competive strategy and advantage in growing your business. Beyond that your employees and other attendees will be addressed with the challenges and issuses of the many different aspects of how these systems can help you implement strategys to make your existing systems more efficient. There are pros and cons with these technologys and systems, as is expected and everything here is not for everyone. What you can expect is that you will find something there for you and your firm to further explore and possibly implement into operations. The seminar is set up for everyone, there is insight and much more to gain from the knowledge that we have amassed for you. Following will be how our seminar will run, summarizing and giving you a preview with how we implement the information to you and your clients. The Seminar will take place Friday and Saturday. It will be structured with breaks, your clients can choose which sections to attend, although we encourage the whole seminar, we know you and your clients may be issue specific. We highly recommend the seminar section on VoIP and RFID technology. Friday: 10:00 a.m. Meet and greet brunch, seminar attendees will be treated to a five star brunch to start the day off on a good foot. Here your clients can meet and mingle with business minds from all over the world. The experience and networking alone is wonderful. 11:00 Seminar will begin, attendees will receive seminar materials, phamplets and packets, to go along with the seminar. Also will be included is workbooks that provide material for the seminar and for practice and referecnce later. Go over schedule for the next two days. For the next three hours we will introduce the concept of the competitive advantage that is sought out by these IT and IS technologies. We will talk about VoIP, voice over Internet Protocol, how it can help streamline your business, make your intranets and networks more efficient and less costly. Show you how it can help with expansion and how it can be tailored to fit your specific needs. We will discuss the costs and implementation of different systems, showing you the competitive advantages. These are all accompanied with real world examples as you will soon see. Following that discussion well delve into the emerging world of RFID technology and the mandates that ensue them. With WalMart and the DoD have mandates for implementing use, RFID technology is emerging all over. There are two sides to the story, either way its coming and we are going to give you insight into this technology and tell you how it works, what it can do for you, and how. We will discuss the costs, trends, and opinions . Question #2 REFERENCE ARTICLES 1VoIP links global company: call center operations at seven locations are streamlined, while costs are lowered. (Voice Networks)(Alpha Thought) Communications News, Jan, 2004 http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0CMN/1_41/112448830/p1/article.jhtml http://www. computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,95179,00.html 3Privacy in public http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m3190/33_37/108268107/p1/article.jhtml 4Businesses Worry About Long-Term Data Losses Will we access our saved data in 20 years? Sept, 1999 http://www. computerworld.com/printthis/1999/0,4814,37036,00.html 5The Coming Robot Revolution http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,94386,00.html 6 Riding Radio Waves eWEEK, May, 2004 by Larry Dignan http://www. findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_zdewk/is_200405/ai_ziff126287/print 7RFID Adventure http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,96012,00.html 8 The Coming Battle of the Titans http://www.computerworld. com/printthis/2004/0,4814,96318,00.html 9 Apparel Maker Gets Instant Feedback With Online Survey To http://computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,95814,00.html 10 Documentum Saves Big With Web Conference Software for Training http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,95820,00. html 11Personalize Your Job http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,95943,00.html 12Phishy e-mails and Web sites: Whats your responsibility? http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,95461,00. html Companies Fight Back Against Phishing Scams http://computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,96549,00.html 13Blades, Camera, Action! http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,96284,00.html 14Predictions For BIs Future http://www. computerworld.com/printthis/2004/0,4814,93940,00.html 15Never, ever agree to evergreen clauses http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2000/0,4814,41674,00.html Acts of God .

Mayan Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mayan Project - Essay Example Hence, symbols could represent either a word or a single syllable. This was a highly elaborate set of glyphs written by scribes who were members of the priesthood. The language was usually written in two blocks arranged in columns, and was read from top to bottom, from left to right. It was rich with words and phonetic rules, and only elite members of the community knew how to write (Beatriz n.d). The Mayan numerals were based on a base-twenty (vigecimal) numeral system, which were made up of three symbols: zero was represented by a shell shape, one by a dot and give by a bar. Numbers above 19 were written as a combination of these written in a descending vertical line. Three cells were written, the uppermost one represented the number of 400s in the number, the middle one represented the number of 20s in it and the lower one represented the 1s in it. In case a number was larger than that, a new row would be started. The Mayans would also rarely use face number glyphs, but this use was very uncommon and mostly appeared in monumental carving. The Mayans used addition and subtraction when needed, and there is also evidence that they were familiar with and used the concepts of infinity and fractions for various needs ("The Maya Mathematical" n.d; "Mayan Numerals" 2009). A Mayan stela (also called stele) was a stone or wooden slab that was very tall and quite wide. It was used mainly for funeral or commemorative purposes, and consisted of the name and titles of the deceased or living person for whom it was erected. It also included of lavish paintings, carvings and inscriptions depicting and describing that person. More often then not, revered rulers or hieroglyphic texts were inscribed to immortalize a unique feat or achievement during a rulers reigning period or simply his character and greatness. It was also used to remember important dates and occasions, something which proved to be

Corporate Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Culture - Essay Example Corporate culture also assesses on how to study the employee relations within the organization. This involves studying their attitudes, their interpersonal relationships, job satisfaction, and their overall commitment (Anthony, 1994, 23). Therefore, corporate culture mainly asserts the behaviour of employees and their commitment to the success of the organization. According to Willmott, the major concern of corporate culture should be winning the hearts and minds of the employees. This involves defining what they feel, what they think and how they end up acting in the organization. Willmott also asserts that the management should not only concentrate on the behaviour of the employees. Instead, it should also focus on changing their thoughts and feelings towards the organization (Willmott, 1993, 517). This can be argued form the point of view that; people are able to fake their behaviour, but they cannot fake their thoughts or their feelings. An organization should be concerned about the feelings of the employees because; employees are a major valuable asset to the organization. It is the employees who define the direction of the employees and thus, their actions are extremely crucial to the organization as a whole. Changing the thinking of the employees implies that they will have the organization at the back of their minds whenever they do anything. On the other hand, conforming of employees’ feelings implies that; the employees will always have the organization at their best interests (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2008, 13). This is a case whereby; the employees cannot do or behave in a way that can cause harm to the organization. This also involves protecting the image of the organization as if it were their own. This implies that; once the organization has changed the minds and hearts of the employees, the employees will have all their eyes and ears open on behalf of the whole organization. Therefore, at no one point will the employees act without havi ng positive interests on the organization. However, the management is advised to implement change in the minds and hearts of the employees in such a way that the employees will also benefit from the change (Keller, 2008, 1). Willmott asserts that corporate culture requires employees to devote themselves to the organization and to its values and beliefs. Therefore, by encouraging employees to be devoted to the organization, the employees are consequently required to recognize and be concerned about the security of their employment in relation to their contribution to the organization. Corporate culture seeks to immerse the employees to the organization and thus, requires their full commitment to the operation of the organization (Willmott, 1993, 522). Willmott also provides that organizations will benefit more when they focus on changing the minds and the hearts of their employees. This implies that the management should focus on influencing the way employees think and feel about the organization. Different organizations apply different strategies of changing the thoughts and acts of the employees. However, still they all manage to achieve the goal of changing the minds and hearts of their employees. One key strategy that can help the management of an organization to change the thinking of employees is setting of the right example (Aiken, Galper, Keller, 2011, 51). This is usually the first step of achieving a different behaviour with employees. This is because; the employees will not change unless they first observe it from the leaders themselves. Therefore, the management should first lead by example. This way, it will be able to encourage employees to change too.

Ultraviolet light Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ultraviolet light - Essay Example One common source of UV light is produced through black lights. These devices are lamps that are designed to produce electromagnetic radiation that is still ultraviolet yet remains partially visible. This process can be accomplished through any number of means but the effect can be achieved simply though the application of a filter that removes some of the visible light. Ultimately it is among the safest forms of the light as it to the UVA region and has a relatively long range. This long-range translates to a low frequency which ultimately means that it is low energy. Although some negative health consequences can result from intense or long term exposure it is still considered relatively harmless. This brings into question whether or not there are any beneficial effects of UC light. It is the case that UV light is a kind of double edged sword as there are both beneficial and harmful effects. UV light helps stimulate the production of vitamin D in humans. However prolonged exposure can cause painful sunburns and even alter human DNA and ultimately cause the growth of certain types of cancer.

Case Study Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay

Case Study Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Health And Social Care Essay A 72 year old male patient, smoker and family history of AAA, was referred by his GP to x-ray department. With clinical indication of fall at stairs 2 weeks ago and pain in lower back and right hip, to have an x-ray of lumbar spine and pelvis. After justifying the request card and check his details, they did AP and Lateral of his lumbar an AP examination of pelvis. And they send him back to have a result by his GP after 10 days. Radiologist reported on his x-rays and sends it back to the GP. There was an evaluation of the classification in the abdomen and suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm. So GP asked him to attend the surgery to discuss the x-ray result, and request an ultrasound of abdomen to have a better result and rough indication of the internal diameter and accurate assessment .Gp asked him to wait until he received appointment letter from hospital. After 4 weeks he had his appointment. Clinical indication was classification on lumbar x-ray, query abdominal aneurysm. Before he goes to do the screening he was fast for eight hours because food and liquid in the stomach and urine in the bladder can make it difficult to a get clear picture of the aorta for the ultrasound technician. He changed into a gown. Radiologist asked him to lie on his back and then he applied small amount of cold gel in his abdomen because the air between the skin and aorta will help to reduce by using the gel, by pressing the transducer against the skin over the abdomen. Radiologist monitored blood flow through the abdominal aorta to check for an aneurysm (Myo clinical staff 2010 and NHS website 2010). After procedure he discussed the result with patient. And reported the scan to his GP. The evaluation of ultrasound scan was an abdominal aortic aneurysm which was 4.5 cm. Heart was in normal size. No evidence of any significant mediastinal mass or lymph node enlargement. Kidneys were in normal sizes. The routine measurements and protocol are: Longitudinally, will examine the aorta from diaphragm to bifurcation, and will Document the length of the aneurysm and measure the anteroposterior (AP) diameter from outer wall to outer wall, and also will examine the iliac arteries to the iliac bifurcation and measure aneurysm from outer wall to outer wall. Transversically will Document the maximum diameter of the aorta at the diaphragm, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and distally, and Measure AP and transverse diameters from outer wall to outer wall, also will Visualize the iliac arteries and measure aneurysms (Vikram and Deborah 2004). GP reoffered him to vascular surgeon, after 3 weeks he met the surgeon, He reviewed his medical history and discussed the x-ray and ultrasound result with him And rerecommend him watchful waiting, it means that the if aneurysm was smaller than 2 inches (5 centimetres) in diameter, it is not serious enough to require surgery. In this case, his doctor will check his condition every six months using additional ultrasound exams or other imaging tests until aneurysm reaches to 5.5cm (Medline Plus 2004). He also asked him to quit smoking, because Smokers are approximately 5times as likely as non-smokers to develop AAA (Hafez 2008). Six month after In Dec 2007 he received his second appointment for scan of his abdomen. He attends his appointment with same procedure. There was a small amount of increase in his aneurysm. Therefore report was send to Gp. Evaluation was 4.7cm aortic aneurysm. In April 2008 he had another scan with aneurysm with 5.2cm aneurysm. He could not stop smoking, but his GP strongly advised him to stop smoking. In March 2009, it was 5.6cm aneurysm and if the abdominal aortic aneurysm expands by more than 0.6 to 0.8cm per year, repair is usually recommended (Robert et al 2008). http://www.e-radiography.net/radrep/Vascular/Vascular_AAA_US_55mm/Vascular_AAA_US_55_long.jpg Radiological Report : US Abdominal Aorta : The maximum A.P. internal diameter of the abdominal aorta is 5.6 cms. Mural thrombus reduces the internal diameter to 2.0cms (x-ray 2000).   Vascular surgeon discussed with patient that he need a surgery as soon as possible, also explained the existence of two possible methods of repair and to outline the major risks and benefits of each. The traditional (open) surgical approach involves direct exposure of the aneurysm followed by replacing the aneurismal part of the aorta with a synthetic graft. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a more modern and less invasive technique which is becoming widely used (Hafez 2008). Patient preffered to have EVAR operation, but everybody is not suitable for EVAR, because of the shape of their aneurysm. So he was asked to have a CT angiogram to check if he is suitable for EVAR, otherwise he should have open surgery (NICE 2006). Surgeon request CT angiogram for him with clinical indication of EVAR 5.6cm in ultrasound scan. The week after he had a CT angiogram aorta. The technologist asked him if he has allergy to any contrast media, then positioned him on the CT examination table, lying flat on his back. He inserted an intravenous (IV) line into a small vein in his arm. A small dose of contrast material injected through the IV to determine how long it takes to reach the area under study. Week after the surgeon received the report from Radiologist. Evaluation of CT scan was a 6.2cm infrarenal AAA with a satisfactory neck and good potential common iliac landing zones suitable for EVAR ( Bhattacharya ). He asked to attend a pre-operative assessment clinic to meet his surgeon and other members of clinical team. They took his medical history and carried out a physical examination. The surgical team carried out a number of tests to make sure that he is healthy enough to have an anaesthetic and surgery. The tests were included: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) levels, to monitor oxygenation, ventilation, and acid base status. Complete blood count to monitor Red blood cell, White blood cell(WBC), and platelet counts altered haemoglobin levels and hematocrit reflect any blood loss and the oxygen carrying ability of the blood. An elevated WBC count reflects an inflammatory response. Serum electrolyte panel-monitors fluid ,electrolyte, and acid base status Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, to monitor renal function. Blood coagulation studies to monitor clotting. Urinalysis to monitor renal status including secretion and concentration Blood crossmatching necessary for blood replacement Electrocardiography (ECG) may reveal cardiac changes associated with ischemia Chest X-ray may reveal abnormalities of the chest, heart and lungs (Holloway 2004). his RWS was 4.6 M/mcL, WBC: 6 K/mm^, haemoglobin levels: 11 g/dL, Hematocrit 44%, Blood urea nitrogen 13 mg/dL, Bilirubin, direct 0.2 mg/dL, Bilirubin, total 0.2 mg, Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL,( GAIL  HOOD 2007). The surgical team gave him advice about what he can do to prepare for surgery, and they also asked him about his home circumstances so that his discharge from hospital can be planned. If he still smoker, he strongly advised to stop smoking as soon as surgery is required. Research has found that people who stop smoking for at least two months before having surgery are four times less likely to experience complications following surgery compared with those who smoke. He already stopped smoking. Surgeon discussed him what will happen before, during and after his procedure, and any pain he might have. On admission day which was the week after, he was seen by one of the junior doctors who was obtained a detailed medical history and did a full physical examination. Blood tests were repeated and any pending investigations (for example heart scan) performed. One of the more senior doctors took through the consent form which you was required to sign before they can proceed with surgery. He was fasting from midnight before the procedure. Nursing care was focused on restoring and maintaining hemodynamic stability. Administer supplemental oxygen, monitor the patients cardiovascular status, insert two large-bore I.V. devices, and fluid resuscitate with 0.9% sodium chloride or lactated Ringers solution if hes hypotensive (Raymond 2006). He was taken to the theatre complex in his bed, In the anaesthetic room. the anaesthetist gave him an epidural and involves a needle puncture into his back. He also had a tube in his bladder, so that they could monitor the function of his kidneys; a tube in his hand, so that they could monitor his blood pressure. Then he transferred to the recovery area in the theatre complex, where he was taken care of by one of the recovery nurses pending transfer to the High Dependency Unit or the Vascular Ward. All the above mentioned tubes stayed in till the next morning, when all the tubes are removed and was encouraged to start walking and moving around. They gave him aspirin and cholesterol-lowering medication. He strongly advised to stay on these for life to reduce the risk of developing heart problems or having a stroke as he grow older. During his hospital stay, he was getting a mini-injection of heparin (Fragmin). This will thin his blood and prevent him from getting clots whilst he is in hospital (Inglott 2007). So surgeon start elective surgery to repair an aorta. He made small cut in his groin and passed up a catather inside an artery in his leg until it reached the area of the aneurysm. A compressed stent graft was fed to the site of the aneurysm. The procedure was guided using intensifier x-ray machine and radiographer took images step by step. The stent graft is made of a tube supported by a metal mesh. The stent graft was placed across the aneurysm. The stent kept the aorta open and aneurysm was protected from further pressure. The stent graft is slowly released from the delivery system into the aorta. As the stent graft is released, it was expanded to its proper size so that it snugly fits into aorta both above and below the aneurysm The guide wire is then removed from the Body. The stent graft remained inside the aorta permanently. Imaging procedures was Performed to check whether the stent graft is properly placed. the cut was closed with stitches and a dressing was placed over the stitches. (Bupas Health Information Team 2010). After the procedure, his breathing tube removed and he was taken to the intensive care unit for recovery. He received fluids and nutrition through his IV. The catheter in his bladder was remained in place for several days. The hospital stay was 5 days. During this time he was encouraged to get up and out of bed. Complete recovery was 3 months. In order to detect any complication he had need to follow-up carefully, particularly in the early stages. CT angiography was performed at day 2 after placement. No evidence of endoleak was detected during arterial phase scanning or after a 2-min delay. The patient was discharged without complication.Follow-up CT angiography was performed at 1 month and five month. Then every year after that, to make sure there are not any problems. Discussion: Aorta is the main blood vessel in body. This carries blood from heart to the rest of the body. The part of the aorta in the abdomen is called the abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the stomach, pelvis and legs. An aneurysm is a weak area in a blood vessel. If a blood vessel weakens, it starts to bloat like a balloon and becomes unusually big. If an aneurysm forms on the abdominal aorta and grows too big, the aorta might tear or rupture (Upchurch and Schaub April 1, 2006, Heather 2008). The most common of these aneurysms known as abdominal aortic aneurysms AAA, is below the origin of the arteries to the kidneys. A more anatomically correct description would be infrarenal aortic aneurysms. In men, the maximum normal aortic diameter at this level should not exceed 2.5 cm. An aorta that is 3 cm or more in diameter at this level qualifies as being aneurismal. The prevalence of AAA varies according to ethnicity, age and gender. Men are six times more likely to be affected by this condition. At the age of 65 years, 3% of men will have an AAA. The popularity then increases with age to reach nearly 8% at the age of 80. AAAs represents nearly 98% of aneurysms of the whole aorta (Hafez 2008). The rate of growth and the risk of rupture increase exponentially with the diameter of the aneurysm, with a watershed level for serious risk at about 5.5cm. Therefore until the patient is gravely ill from other causes, any aneurysm wider than 5.5 cm should be operated upon electively (Raymond 2006 and Dillon et al 2010).Abdominal aortic aneurysm is usually asymptomatic .smoking and high blood pressure, are most important risk factors (patient booklet 2009 and Hafez 2008) About 80% of patients who present with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm have no previous diagnosis. When rupture occurs, mortality is very high (Scot et al 2008 and Philip et al 2009).February On physical examination, AAAs with 3 to 3.9 cm range are palpable 29% of the time, compared with those with an AAA more than 5 cm. which can be palpated 76% of the time (Gilbert et al 2008). The symptoms associated with AAAs are: blurred abdominal or back pain, abdominal pulsatile and abdominal mass may be present in obese patients, Palpation of aneurysm may be difficult Early satiety, nausea or vomiting may occur due to duodenal compression. Ruptured or leaking aneurysms may present with severe back, abdominal, or flank pain that may radiate to the groin Hypertension or tachycardia Syncope Abdominal mass on exam Signs of retroperitoneal hematoma (Scott et al 2004 and Rosalyn 2006 and Louise and Anderson 2001). Compared with open surgery, EVAR has lower operative mortality, lower morbidity, and shorter length of hospital stay and greater likelihood of discharge to home than open surgery (Schermerhorn 2009) CT is the next step to help determine which treatment should be used (endovascular or open surgery) .Serial CT scans can be used to visualise the proximal neck (the transition between the normal and aneurysmal aorta), the extension to the iliac arteries, and the patency of the visceral arteries. They can also measure the thickness of the mural thrombus. With three-dimensional imaging, helical CT and CT angiography can provide additional anatomical details, especially useful if endovascular procedure is considered.( Akalihasan et al 2011and Macari et al 2001) Informed consent for any AAA repair must include accurate information about the reason for recommending surgery (i.e. the risk of aneurysm rupture without surgery), the reason for recommending either open or endovascular surgery and about the likely outcomes. Warn about the site and size of the surgical scar, about wound infection and incisional hernia formation, about deep venous thrombosis and particularly about sexual dysfunction which, it appears, may be equally common after open and endovascular repair (Brian 2008). If the patient is hypertensive, administer beta-blockers and nitroprusside as ordered. Manage pain with morphine sulfate or hydromorphone to keep him comfortable and to combat pain-induced increases in BP, heart rate, and oxygen demand (GAIL  HOOD 2007). Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr, MD; Christopher Longo, MD; John E. Rectenwald, MD,March 2008 Volume 63. Number 3 Geriatrics) Upchurch, Jr. G.R. (M.D.) and Schaub, T.A. (M.D.) (April 1, 2006) Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm American Family Physician online. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060401/1198.html [Accessed 16/2/2011] Heather, B. P. ( 2008 ) Abdominal aortic aneurysms, screening and the law AvMA Medical Legal Journal,Volume 14 Number 2 online. Available from: Myo clinical staff,June 23, 2010, © 1998-2010 Abdominal ultrasound Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER).online, available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/abdominal-ultrasoundWhat you can expect/,MY00076/DSECTION=what-you-can-expect[accessed 23/1/2011] http://www.ruh.nhs.uk/patients/services/vascular/documents/Endovascular_Aneurysm_Repair_Patient_Information.pdf, accessed 21st DEC 2010 Ultrasound secrets,  By Vikram Dogra, Deborah J. Rubens,2004 ,Philadelphia,Pensilvania Abdominal aortic aneurysm. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000162.htm. Accessed September 12, 2004 Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: health risks,management and screening Hany Hafez Clinical Risk 2008; 14: 208-210 DOI: 10.1258/cr.2008.080076 what is ct angiography aorta of abdominal aortic aneurysm Stoeltings anesthesia and co-existing disease Robert K. Stoelting, Roberta L. Hines, Katherine E. Marschall 2008 676 pages Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: health risks,,management and screening,Hany Hafez Clinical Risk 2008; 14: 208-210 DOI: 10.1258/cr.2008.080076 (http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/news/766641/ Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the cause of more than 6,000 deaths per year. By Mr Vish Bhattacharya) h ttp://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=angioct (http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/news/766641/ Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the cause of more than 6,000 deaths per year. By Mr Vish Bhattacharya) Medical-surgical care planning,  By Nancy Meyer Holloway, 2004, Lippincott William Wilkins http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/repairofabdominalaneurysm/Pages/Preparation.aspx http://www.stent-graft.com/id11.html,  Dr Ferdinand Inglott, consultant Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon at the Manchester Royal Infirmary,2007 Bupas Health Information Team, July 2010. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR),online at: http://www.bupa.co.uk/healthinformation/directory/e/endovascular-repair, [accessed 16/2/2011]. (General surgical operations Page 432 Raymond Maurice Kirk 2006 723 pages Preview) Hany Hafez,2008, Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: health risks, management and screening, Clinical Risk, Volume 14 Number 6 General surgical operations Raymond Maurice Kirk 2006 Page 432,Churchill Livingstone Elsevier Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm,Dillon M, Cardwell C, Blair PH, Ellis P, Kee F, Harkin DW,The Cochrane Collaboration, currently published in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010 Issue 12, Copyright  © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.. PATIENT INFORMATION BOOKLET ,Endovascular Stent Grafts:A treatment for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms,2009 Medtronic, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. UC200805202aEN 4/09  ©2009 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. (Reprinted) JAMA, November 11, 2009-Vol 302, No. 18 Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: health risks,management and screening Hany Hafez Clinical Risk 2008; 14: 208-210 DOI: 10.1258/cr.2008.080076 Scott Davarn, MD Rob Reardon, MD Scott Joing, MD Academic Emergency MedicineVolume 14, Issue 4, Article first published online: 28 JUN 2008 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1197/j.aem.2007.01.001/pdf Philip E. Baker Kumar V. Ramnarine,2009, Development and Application of an Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model, Ultrasound 2009;17(1):30-34 _ British Medical Ultrasound Society 2009 University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Department of Medical Physics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UKULTRASOUND N February 2009 N Volume 17 N Number 1 URASOUND N February 2009 N Volume 17 N Number 1 ).- Abdominal aortic aneurysm Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr, MD; Christopher Longo, MD; John E. Rectenwald, MD, March 2008 Volume 63. Number 3 Geriatrics Screening programmes ,Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm , © NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme 2010 Produced by COI for the NHS ,401590/C 1p December 2010, http://aaa.screening.nhs.uk/ Baker L;  Anderson E, 2010 May; Abdominal aortic aneurysm: simple screening could save lives, Primary care nurse practitioner, Generations Family Health Center, Norwich, CT, American Journal for Nurse Practitioners (AM J NURSE PRACT), 2010 May; 14(5): 29-34 (27 ref), journal article pictorial, tables/charts. In a Page Surgery  By Scott Kahan, John J. Raves,2004,Lippincott Williams Wilkins,Philadelphia Rosalyn Gendreau , 2006, Is it a kidney stone or abdominal aortic aneurysm? : 22-4 (journal article pictorial) Louise A. Anderson, MS, RN,2001, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm,,THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING/,Article 1 5/21/01 11:11 PM Page 1, J Cardiovasc Nurs 2001;15(4):1-14, © 2001 Aspen Publishers, Inc Marc Schermerhorn, MD, Discussant ©2009 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. (Reprinted) JAMA, November 11, 2009-Vol 302, No. 18 online available at http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/302/18/2015.full.pdf+html, [accessed 14/2/2011]. Royal United Hospital Bath, NHS, Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Patient Information, http://www.ruh.nhs.uk/patients/services/vascular/documents/Endovascular_Aneurysm_Repair_Patient_Information.pdf, accessed 21st DEC 2010 NICE 2006 Abdominal aortic aneurysm ,N Sakalihasan, R Limet, O D Defawe,2011 at http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default-home.htm?specialities/general/aaa.htm~right Michael Macari, MD, Gary M. Israel, MD,Phillip Berman, BA, Maria Lisi, BA, Anuj J. Tolia, BA, Mark Adelman, MD, Alec J. Megibow, MD, MPH, August 2001 Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic, Aneurysms at Multi-Detector, Row CT Angiography: Intravascular Enhancement without a Timing Acquisition1,520 z Radiology Macari et al, Volume 220 z Number 2 Abdominal aortic aneurysms, screening and the law ,Brian P Heather, AvMA Medical Legal Journal, 2008 Volume 14 Number 2 at http://cr.rsmjournals.com/content/vol14/issue2/ http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=693846 (How to protect a patient with aortic aneurysm GAIL  HOOD  IRWIN RN, CEN, BSN   Nursing2007 ,February 2007   ,Volume 37  Number 2,Pages  36